Journal of Spectral Imaging,   Volume 7   Article ID a3   (2018)

Peer reviewed Paper

Part of Chemometrics in Hyperspectral Imaging Special Issue

Estimation of phosphorus-based flame retardant in wood by hyperspectral imaging—a new method

  • Petter Stefansson  
  • Ingunn Burud
  • Thomas Thiis
  • Lone Ross Gobakken
  • Erik Larnøy
Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1430 Ås, Norway

 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-4073
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Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1430 Ås, Norway

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Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway

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Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway

 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8724-4010
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 Corresponding Author
Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1430 Ås, Norway
[email protected]
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It is recognised that flame retardant chemicals degrade and leach out of flame-protected wood claddings when exposed to natural weathering. However, the ability to survey the current state of a flame retardant treatment applied to a wood cladding, an arbitrary length of time after the initial application, is limited today. In this study, hyperspectral imaging in the near infrared to short-wavelength infrared region is used to quantify the amount of flame retardant present on wooden surfaces. Several sets of samples were treated with various concentrations of a flame retardant chemical and scanned with a push broom hyperspectral camera. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy analysis of the outermost layer of the treated samples was then carried out in order to determine each sample’s phosphorus content, the active ingredient in the flame retardant. Spectra from the hyperspectral images were pre-processed with extended multiplicative scatter correction, and the phosphorus content was modelled using a partial least squares (PLS) regression model. The PLS regression yielded robust predictions of surface phosphorus content with a coefficient of determination, R2, between 0.8 and 0.9 on validation data regardless of whether the flame retardant chemical had been applied to the surface of the wood or pressure-impregnated into it. The result from the study indicates that spectral imaging around the 2400–2531 nm wavelength region is favourable for quantifying the amount of phosphorus-based flame retardant contained in the outermost layer of non-coated wooden claddings. The results also reveal that the uptake of phosphorus-based flame retardant does not occur uniformly throughout the wood surface, but is to a larger extent concentrated in the earlywood regions than in the latewood.

Keywords: hyperspectral imaging, NIR, flame retardant treated wood

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