The most serious mistakes are not being made as a result of wrong answers. The truly dangerous thing is asking the wrong questions. These words of wisdom from the late Peter Drucker underscore the importance of being well informed when making business decisions. This is especially true of producer–consumer boundaries in industrial processes, where the quality of a lot, or series of lots, can have significant financial consequences. In order to mitigate any disagreement at these boundaries, concerned parties typically establish common protocols to monitor the quality of the lots produced. These monitoring protocols—often implemented with agents from a combination of consumers, producers and/or commonly agreed-to third parties—consist of splitting samples taken from the lots of interest and processing them separately to generate two, or more, sets of estimates which are then compared for differences.