The Theory of Sampling (TOS) has become firmly established in many process industries over the last few decades as the basis for precise and accurate material characterisation. Increasingly, considerations go into the design of sampling and sample preparation equipment to ensure sample representativeness. With the introduction of digitalisation under the buzzword Industry 4.0, many options have emerged to monitor these processes. But also, in the other fields, such as process analytics techniques (PAT) and applied sensor technology, which are not directly attributable to sampling, new applications arise where the Theory of Sampling is never-the-less a very useful addition. Here we present two case studies in which TOS have delivered decisive improvements in data acquisition.